徐光启的富有与清贫

文/黄清宝

徐光启者，松江人也。少负奇才，通晓天文历算，尤精西学。时人谓之"开眼看世界第一人"，其生平事迹，足为后世法。

其一曰开放创新。光启生当明季，海禁未开，而独与利玛窦诸西洋教士交游。不囿于成见，不惮于流俗，虚心求教，昼夜研习。尝译《几何原本》，创制新历，修《崇祯历书》。又著《农政全书》，采泰西水法，引番薯诸物，活民无数。其胸怀之广，见识之远，实开三百年未有之变局。

其二曰科学理性。光启治学，务求实证。观其疏治蝗灾，不尚空谈，亲历田亩，察其滋生之由。论火炮之用，必究其理；说农耕之术，必验其实。每遇疑难，必反复推求，不以臆断。尝言："欲求超胜，必须会通；会通之前，先须翻译。"其言谆谆，其行笃笃，真乃格物致知之典范。

其三曰求真务实。光启仕宦数十年，不慕虚名。修历法则必准天象，治水患则必察地形。任礼部侍郎时，疏请广开言路，曰："天下事当与天下人共之。"晚年虽居高位，犹自课农桑，验天象，孜孜不倦。临终前犹手校历书，可谓鞠躬尽瘁。

其四曰清贫廉洁。光启位至宰辅，而家无余财。居官数十载，田宅不增一亩一椽。俸禄所入，多用以刻书济贫。尝冬日见贫民衣不蔽体，即解裘相赠。卒之日，囊橐萧然，仅遗旧书数箧。士林闻之，无不叹服。

太史公曰：徐子之学，贯通中西；徐子之德，光耀古今。当末世浮华之际，独守清贫；处昏聩闭塞之时，力倡新学。其开放之胸襟，求真之精神，廉洁之操守，实为士林圭臬。后之视今，亦犹今之视昔，安得复见如此通儒哉！

2025/8/30

🌹🌹作家简介🌹🌹

黄清宝，1939年出生，中共党员，籍贯江苏江阴市。现居上海市。《中国诗人作家网》会员档案库认证委员，《中国诗人作家网》认证诗人、签约诗人，《一枝红莲文学诗社》签约作家诗人，《世界作家澜韵府诗社》签约作家诗人，《中国诗人作家网》主编。曾创作散文、小说及诗词千余篇，发表于《中国诗人作家网》等网络平台及报刊。荣获首届《凤雏生》国际诗歌大赛优秀奖，五大院士签约诗人卓越文学奖，《金诗星光杯》实力文学奖，以及《中国诗人作家网》主编卓越奖，世界诗歌作协.中国诗人作文学领军人物最高荣誉奖。现为中国诗人作家网执行总编。

🎋🎋Writer's Profile🎋🎋

Huang Qingbao, born in 1939, is a member of the Communist Party of China. His native place is Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, and he now resides in Shanghai City. He is a certification committee member of the Member Archive Database of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, a certified poet and contracted poet of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, a contracted writer and poet of the Red Lotus Literary Poetry Society, a contracted writer and poet of the World Writers' Lanyunfu Poetry Society, and the chief editor of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network. He has created more than a thousand pieces of prose, novels, and poems, which have been published on online platforms and newspapers and periodicals such as the Chinese Poets and Writers Network. He has won the Excellence Award of the First Feng Chusheng International Poetry Competition, the Outstanding Literature Award for Poets Contracted by the Five Academicians, the Strength Literature Award of the Golden Poetry Starlight Cup, the Chief Editor's Excellence Award of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, and the Highest Honor Award for Leading Figures in Literature by the World Poetry Association · Chinese Poets and Writers. Currently, he is the executive chief editor of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network.